En primera persona-ii. Triple Autorretrato
El "Triple Autorretrato" de Norman ROCKWELL
El 25 de septiembre, se refirió en este Blog, una entrada sobre las características principales del conocimiento autobiográfico , y, también el 17 de septiembre, sobre los tipos de auto-conocimiento o conocimiento referido a nuestra propia vida e historia. Este conocimiento propio, en las personas, se halla articulado, engarzado, contenido en modelos de memoria referidos a uno mismo: narraciones, retratos lógicos, o con más exactitud, auto-narraciones y auto-retratos lógicos. Esta descripción de tales modelos se apoya en juegos meta-lingüísticos, para identificar a los protagonistas-constructores del modelo. La descripción usa expresiones como: constructor construido, autorretratista, pintor de autorretrato, escultor esculpido, dibujante dibujado, pintor pintado o narrador narrado.
Tales nociones responden y se ordenan en algunas tradiciones gnoseológicas que tocan a la filosofía y a la ciencia. La visión del conocimiento como construcción activa (frente a la visión de copia pasiva de la realidad del empirismo y positivismo) se viene denominando: constructivismo. Recoge hitos en I.Kant. J.Piaget y Vigotski. De formá más específica, la idea de 'pintura lógica': pintura como representación que aprehende hechos reales es de Wittgenstein, la idea de narración como telaraña de palabras proviene de Dennett y la idea de 'modelo mental' de Ph. Johnson-Laird.
El concepto de retrato en pintura siempre tuvo una dimensión interpretativa que recogía el saber mirar del autor. Este caracter, se acentuó con la aparición de la fotografía.
Un autorretrato es la exposición de la visión del propio yo del autor; de un "modelo mental" de sí mismo. Especialmente, el "Triple Autorretrato" de Norman Rockwell, 1960, supone una de las mayores reflexiones s.XX sobre el concepto de autorretrato. Se presenta como triple, siendo en realidad, octuple como mínimo.
Es una continua 'alusión' al autorretrato que se dispone en varios niveles de meta-lenguaje, algunos jerárquicos; no todos.
Aparece:
(1) una realidad: el pintor pintando de espaldas; alusión a Vermeer por lo 'de espaldas' y a los que se representaron a sí mismos pintando,
(2) una realidad reflejo-espejo: refiere a un tema crucial y velazquiano en la historia de la pintura,
(3) una realidad interpretada: el retrato (auto) que el pintor pintado pinta; es su Yo psicológico: más joven, sano y feliz frente al reflejo 'real',
(4) una realidad trabajada-ensayada: los bocetos de su obra-retrato en el lado izquierdo de la composición,
(5) Aparecen también 'citas'. Son la inspiración y el reconocimiento, pero las circunscribe a otros autorretratos célebres en el lado derecho: Durero, Rembrandt, Picaso, Van Gogh. También se considera una 'cita' pictórica al casco romano que aparece central en el autorretrato; representa el imperio y, en pintura, el tema más imperial ha sido el retrato. Es una cita o alusión al propio concepto de retrato,
(6) Rockwell también ha auto-retratado aquí, sus auto- pinceladas psicológicas: al menos el desorden -por doquier-en el que llega a incluir una coca-cola a punto de verterse sobre el material de trabajo, pero también nos transmite el empeño y meticulosidad en su labor y vida,
(7) Auto-retrató, del mismo modo, la identificación con su país. Esto para quien es internacianalmente conocido como estadounidense y transmisor comprometido con la realidad norteamericana y el 'american way of life'. Estos aspectos de identidad nacional en el retrato se advierten, sutiles, además de en el propio Rockwell, en la coca-cola, y sobre todo, en la moldura del espejo donde se adivinan las barras y estrellas junto al águila de la tradición estadounidense,
y, (8) algo de su historia personal: esto se advierte en el central y sobredimensionado TIENTO del pintor, junto al pincel activo y los pinceles y pinturas en desorden. No sólo autorretrata una imagen junto a elementos personales, pues, autorretrata del mismo modo, el mismo acto de auto-retratar. Pero, la historia personal, se halla también en la papelera que refuerza la imagen (auto-imagen) de desorden. La historia propia está en el HUMO que desprende la papelera. En varias ocasiones al pintor le salió ardiendo en su vida real la papelera. No solo ha retratado el desorden también retrata el TABAQUISMO, aquí, como en la triple pipa. Sería el equivalente a la venda en la oreja en alguno de los autorretratos de Van Gogh.
Muy interesante. Me llama la atención que el yo que dibuja sea más joven y bien parecido. Es un yo ideal, un yo para los demás. Por primera vez sale en este blog esta dimensión social del yo. El espejo me da una imagen de mi mismo que yo transformo pensando en la persona a la que se la voy a mostrar.
A mi me llama la atención el contraste entre el vigor de la pintura, y el decaímiento en ‘original’: la pipa que el dibujo sostiene en ángulo recto con la nariz mira hacia abajo en la boca del pintor, lo mismo que pasa con las comisuras de los labios… Supongo que el artista pretende causar una impresión más positiva en el observador de lo que corresponde a la realidad, ¿no?
Todo esto estaba muy bien para el Siglo XX. Ahora todo esto lo podemos abrir a más dimensiones puesto que no sólo somos lo que nos pintamos si no que en el ciberespacio podemos cambiar de sexo, de profesión, de nacionalidad … y para todos los posibles autoretratos habría n interpretaciones. Cuanto más trabajo tendrán los ciberpsicologos.
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