Primera etapa: IDENTIDAD EMOCIONAL
Siguiendo a Dennett (1), los primeros yoes surgieron con los replicadores simples. Sobrevivir para replicarse. Espirales ascendentes contra la corriente a veces suave a veces torrencial del entorno. De esta imagen podemos extraer los componentes básicos del yo, la unicidad y la perspectiva, que permanecerán a lo largo de su evolución. Yo frente al mundo: la identidad como caparazón defensivo. Yo y el mundo: una identidad desde la cual evaluar lo que es bueno y lo que es malo, si hay que aproximarse o alejarse.
SEGUNDA ETAPA: IDENTIDAD NARRATIVA
La identidad es una historia de relaciones más o menos afortunadas entre un ser vivo y el entorno. La historia única e irrepetible de una flor, de un lagarto, de un primate, de un ser humano. Pero este yo primigenio recibió la primera sacudida evolutiva con el desarrollo del lenguaje. Las combinaciones de sonidos léxicas y gramaticales permitieron al homo sapiens no sólo vivir esa historia sino también contarla. A los demás y a ellos mismos. Contarla y…modificarla o inventarla.
TERCERA ETAPA: IDENTIDAD CULTURAL
Escritura y ciencia. El yo diseccionado en las páginas de un diario, en un libro autobiográfico o en un grueso manual de psicología. Los modelos psicológicos que intentan explicarlo: el tenebroso yo inconsciente, el esculpido por la experiencia, el programa de ordenador…Y los yoes que paseaban por la calle, cognitivamente complejos por dentro, analógicamente simples por fuera.
EL PRESENTE: IDENTIDAD DIGITAL
Las piezas para un nuevo yo esparcidas en la mesa de un laboratorio: agudos sistemas visuales, refinados sistemas auditivos, ilimitados almacenes de datos…Pronto se podrá salir a la calle con un sombrero digital -para ver, oir y recordar mejor- confeccionado en torno a la perspectiva y la historia vital de la identidad que cubre. Esta es la clave: dotarlo de identidad emocional y narrativa.
(1) La conciencia explicada. Daniel Dennett. Paidós. 1995: pp 187.
.
Lanzo una pregunta a todos: ¿Cómo se puede insuflar vida a un yo digital?
El gran salto está, pienso yo, en el paso de la primera etapa a la segunda etapa narrativa. Así entre lo narrativo-cultural-digital veo una continuidad que aumenta progresivamente en intensidad hasta llegar a la identidad digital, pero el salto de la primera a la segunda fue más cualitativo
Lo “virtual” está ya a lo largo de esa continuidad, ya en lo narrativo existe la capacidad humana de simular, de proponer otra realidad, de buscar ALTERnativas: el pensamiento humano como capacidad de explorar ALTERnativas de realidad.
PENSAR no solo es la capacidad de hallar lo que existe y lo que no_existe, sino que pensar también es, y sobre todo, la actividad en la que exploramos lo que no existe pero, sí, podría llegar a ser bajo ciertas circunstancias. Pensar también es poder constatar lo que nunca podría existir bajo ninguna circunstancia…
Totalmente de acuerdo. Además me parece importantísimo que quede claro que somos una especie virtual. El yo digital será una prolongación, un enriquecimiento del «yo natural, psicológico, cognitivo», pero no provocará un salto cualitativo en nuestra capacidad para representarnos el mundo. Para resaltar este planteamiento, estoy preparando una entrada sobre los juegos de simulación que son capaces de hacer los niños a partir de los dos años.
Coincido, también, en que la verdadera «sacudida evolutiva» en la historia del yo es la que provoca el desarrollo del lenguaje -tanto en la historia filogenética de nuestra especie como en la historia ontogenética de cada uno de nosotros. Además, es probablemente lo que nos resultará más difícil de explicar, y al mismo tiempo más fascinante, precisamente por su índole originaria, porque es el primer abismo que encontramos al pensar en los orígenes del yo.
Pero creo que sería un error minusvalorar la profundidad de los cambios que podría llegar a generar una (re)virtualización de la identidad apoyada en medios digitales, cambios que en muchos casos probablemente ni siquiera seamos capaces de imaginar hoy, y que tienen que ver con el modo en que los medios digitales pueden solidificar, enriquecer y dinamizar ciertos aspectos de nuestra identidad.
En realidad, mi impresión es que ya la culturalización de la identidad (la «fase tres») supuso sin duda cambios radicales respecto a los yoes meramente «psicológicos». Una oportunidad magnífica para estudiar esos cambios es el surgimiento de la cultura griega, por tratarse acaso del momento más remoto del que disponemos de vestigios abundantes. Una forma provocativa de abordar la cuestión sería preguntarse: ¿eran personas los héroes de Homero?
Intentaré aportar una entrada al respecto. Entre tanto, un texto para el debate: «¿Son verdaderos sujetos los seres humanos de la Grecia arcaica? Notas en torno a la interpretación de la antropología homérica». La referencia completa está en
… en http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1097383
Sería interesante que pensáramos qué facetas del yo se «solidificarían, enriquecerían y dinamizarían». ¿Serían quizá las, siguiendo a Javier, ALTERaciones?. ¿El control emocional?, ¿La coherencia autobiográfica?
Es una pena que la referencia que dais no este accesible para todos. ¿teneis alguna sugerencia alternativa?
Pertenece a un autor muy conocido en Psicología Cognitiva. Es fácil de encontrar en librerías y en bibliotecas de universidad. No se me ocurre otra alternativa. A lo mejor a algún otro miembro del equipo.
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